MAFB mediates the therapeutic effect of sleeve gastrectomy for obese diabetes mellitus by activation of FXR expression

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and related pathways are involved in the therapeutic effect of sleeve gastrectomy for overweight or obese patients with diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of FXR expression regulation during the surgical treatment of obese diabetes mellitus by sleeve gastrectomy. Diabetic rats were established by combined streptozotocin and high-fat diet induction. Data collection included body weight, chemical indexes of glucose and lipid metabolism, liver function, and the expression levels of musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family B (MAFB), FXR, and related genes induced by sleeve gastrectomy. Chang liver cells overexpressing MAFB gene were established to confirm the expression of related genes. The binding and activation of FXR gene by MAFB were tested by Chip and luciferase reporter gene assays. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy induced significant weight loss and decreased blood glucose and lipids in diabetic rat livers, as well as decreased lipid deposition and recovered lipid function. The expression of MAFB, FXR, and FXR-regulated genes in diabetic rat livers were also restored by sleeve gastrectomy. Overexpression of MAFB in Chang liver cells led to FXR gene expression activation and the alteration of multiple FXR-regulated genes. Chip assay showed that MAFB could directly bind with FXR promoter, and the activation of FXR expression was confirmed by luciferase reporter gene analysis. The therapeutic effect of sleeve gastrectomy for overweight or obese patients with diabetes mellitus was mediated by activation of FXR expression through the binding of MAFB transcription factor.

Papilomavírus humano: biologia viral e carcinogênese / Papillomavirus human: viral biology and carcinogenesis

O Papilomavírus humano (HPV) exerce um papel central na carcinogênese do colo uterino. Os mecanismos utilizados pelos HPVs de alto risco para influenciar o ciclo de divisão celular, levando-o à sua desregulação e, consequentemente, para a progressão de lesões, incluem fatores inerentes ao vírus e à sua inter-relação com a célula hospedeira. Tais interferências no metabolismo celular poderão causar modificações morfológicas e funcionais, promovendo o aparecimento de neoplasias. Compreendendo a importância do conhecimento dos processos biológicos e moleculares utilizados pelo HPV na carcinogênese para o diagnóstico precoce e na avaliação prognóstica da doença, o objetivo deste trabalho foi buscar na literatura científica a relação da biologia viral do HPV com o desenvolvimento do câncer de colo útero e novas descobertas.(AU)

The Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a central role in carcinogenesis of the cervix. The mechanisms used by high-risk HPVs to influence the cell division cycle taking it to its deregulation and consequently for progression of lesions include factors related to the virus and its interrelationship with the host cell. Changes in cellular metabolism can cause morphological and functional changes, promoting the appearance of tumors. Understanding the importance of knowledge of the biological and molecular processes used by HPV in carcinogenesis for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of the disease, the objective was to search the scientific literature regarding the HPV?s viral biology to the development of cervical cancer and new discoveries.(AU)

Technologies of birth and models of midwifery care / Tecnologias no parto e modelos de cuidado obstétrico / Tecnologías en el parto y modelos de cuidado obstétrico

This article is based on a study of a reform in the organisation of maternity services in the United Kingdom, which aimed towards developing a more woman-centred model of care. After decades of fragmentation and depersonalisation of care, associated with the shift of birth to a hospital setting, pressure by midwives and mothers prompted government review and a relatively radical turnaround in policy. However, the emergent model of care has been profoundly influenced by concepts and technologies of monitoring. The use of such technologies as ultrasound scans, electronic foetal monitoring and oxytocic augmentation of labour, generally supported by epidural anaesthesia for pain relief, have accompanied the development of a particular ecological model of birth – often called active management –, which is oriented towards the idea of an obstetric norm. Drawing on analysis of women’s narrative accounts of labour and birth, this article discusses the impact on women’s embodiment in birth, and the sources of information they use about the status of their own bodies, their labour and that of the child. It also illustrates how the impact on women’s experiences of birth may be mediated by a relational model of support, through the provision of caseload midwifery care.

Este artigo baseia-se em um estudo sobre a reforma na organização dos serviços de maternidade no Reino Unido, que teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo mais centrado na mulher. Após décadas de fragmentação e despersonalização da assistência, associadas à ascensão do hospital como lugar de parir, a pressão de parteiras e mães obrigou o governo a uma revisão e mudança relativamente radical desta política. No entanto, o modelo emergente de cuidados tem sido profundamente influenciado pelos conceitos e tecnologias de monitoramento. O uso de tecnologias como ultra-sonografia, monitoramento eletrônico fetal e aceleração do parto com ocitocina, geralmente acompanhada de anestesia peridural para alívio da dor, tem promovido o desenvolvimento de um modelo ecológico específico de nascimento – muitas vezes chamado de manejo ativo –, orientado pela idéia de uma norma obstétrica. Com base na análise da narrativa das mulheres, este artigo discute o impacto do modelo assistencial no posicionamento das mulheres frente ao parto e as fontes de informação sobre seus corpos, seus partos e o nascimento da criança que elas utilizam. Ilustra, também, como o impacto nas experiências de parto das mulheres pode ser mediado por um modelo relacional de apoio, mediante a prestação de cuidados de obstetrícia no modelo caseload.
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Este artículo se basa en un estudio sobre la reforma de la organización de los servicios de maternidad en el Reino Unido, que tubo como objetivo desarrollar un modelo más centrado en la mujer. Después de décadas de fragmentación y despersonalización de la atención, asociada con la ascensión del hospital como el lugar de parir, la presión de parteras y madres obligó al gobierno a revisar y hacer un cambio relativamente radical de esta política. Sin embargo, el modelo emergente de atención es profundamente influenciado por los conceptos y las tecnologías de monitoreo. El uso de tecnologías como ecografía, monitorización electrónica fetal y aceleración del parto con oxitocina, por lo general acompañada de anestesia epidural para el alivio del dolor, ha promovido el desarrollo de un modelo ecológico específico de nacimiento – a menudo llamado la manejo de activo –, orientado la idea de una norma obstétrica. Con base en los relatos de las mujeres, este artículo analiza el impacto del modelo de atención en el posicionamiento de las mujeres frente al parto y las fuentes de información acerca de sus cuerpos, sus partos y el nacimiento del niño que ellas utilizan. También ilustra cómo el impacto de las experiencias de parto de las mujeres puede ser mediado por un modelo relacional de apoyo, a través de la prestación de cuidados de partería en el modelo caseload.
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Expresión inmunohistoquímica de la oncoproteína p53 en neoplasias melanocíticas de la piel / Immunohistochemical expression of p53 oncoprotein in melanocytic neoplasms of the skin

Con objeto de caracterizar la expresión inmunohistoquímica de la oncoproteína p53 en neoplasias melanocíticas de la piel, se estudiaron 100 casos de nevos y melanoma maligno primario de la piel del período enero 1990 agosto 1994. Se recolectaron 68 casos de nevo melanocítico y 32 casos de melanoma maligno. Reacción positiva se encontró en 8 nevos melanocíticos (11,8 por ciento) y 17 melanomas (53,1 por ciento). Del total de nevos, reacción positiva se observó en 1 compuesto, 2 nevos dérmicos, 3 nevos de Clark y 2 nevos de Spitz. La reacción positiva en melanoma maligno varió de 33 a 71 por ciento en las distintas variedades de melanoma. Los resultados muestran una expresión de oncoproteína p53 de aproximadamente 53 por ciento en melanoma maligno y 12 por ciento en nevos melanocíticos. La reacción positiva se observó en menos del 5 por ciento de las células. La expresión de oncoproteína p53 no está limitada a neoplasias melanocíticas malignas y las mutaciones del gen p53 parecen acumularse en la fase de progresión del melanoma maligno de la piel

Maturation and externalization of EGF-receptor: a cell-surface located oncoprotein.

The EGF-receptor is a proto-oncogene encoded membrane protein related to the verb-B oncogene product of avian erythroblastosis virus. Here we report studies on expression and maturation characteristics of this receptor. The expression of intact 170 kDa EGF-receptor as well as a 100 kDa homologue that contains only the external domain is enhanced by the ligand EGF. EGF acts at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. To dissociate these pre-translational effects and the effects of EGF on receptor polypeptide synthesis from those on receptor export, pulse-chase experiments were conducted. These studies indicate that EGF stimulates post-translational transport and processing of the receptor, and this stimulation can occur in the absence of new protein synthesis. Other studies show that EGF accelerates at least two slow events in receptor maturation--the deoxynojirimycin-sensitive processing in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the swainsonine-sensitive processing in golgi, suggesting that EGF may influence one or more of the rate determining steps that control receptor export from ER. Overall the results demonstrate that EGF controls EGF-receptor expression at multiple levels, viz. at transcriptional, pre-translational and post-translational pathways of receptor biosynthesis.